Edward IV’s early reign was characterized by efforts to consolidate power and restore stability to a fractured kingdom. His rule was marked by a mix of political pragmatism and authoritarian control. Edward was known for rewarding loyal supporters with lands and titles, strengthening the Yorkist hold on the nobility.

Despite his successes, Edward’s reign was not free from challenges. The Lancastrians continued to resist, supported by powerful nobles like the Earl of Warwick, known as the “Kingmaker.” Initially, Warwick was Edward’s key ally, instrumental in his rise to power. However, relations between the two deteriorated due to political disagreements and Edward’s secret marriage to Elizabeth Woodville, a Lancastrian widow, which alienated Warwick.

By 1470, Warwick switched allegiance to the Lancastrians and helped restore Henry VI to the throne briefly, forcing Edward into exile in Burgundy.

Edward’s Restoration and Second Reign (1471–1483)

Edward IV’s exile was short-lived. In 1471, he returned to England with support from Burgundy and swiftly defeated Warwick at the Battle of Barnet, where Warwick was killed. Edward then moved south and defeated the Lancastrians at the Battle of Tewkesbury, effectively ending major Lancastrian resistance. Henry VI died shortly afterward, likely murdered in the Tower of London.

Edward was restored to the throne and ruled England for another twelve years. During this period, he worked to strengthen royal authority, improve the administration of justice, and foster economic growth. He invested in the rebuilding of London and patronized the arts, embodying the Renaissance ideals spreading across Europe.

Edward was also known for his charismatic and imposing presence. Contemporary accounts describe him as tall, handsome, and a skilled horseman and swordsman. shutdown123